等离子光谱法同时测定土壤中微量铬、铅、镍、铜和锌

用电感耦合等离子光谱法,测定了土壤中微量镍、铜、铬、铅和锌的含量,结果表明:相对标准偏差为1.78%~3.12%,回收率为97.3%~103.8%。该方法简便,易操作,数据重复性好,加标回收率高。重点讨论了样品前处理方法对测定结果的影响。     

Recent Advances in Breeding Disease Resistant Pines / ONLANGSE VORDERINGS IN DIE TEELT VAN SIEKTE-BESTANDE DENNEBOME

Recent results in breeding disease resistant pines are discussed. Breeding for disease resistance is economically feasible and could be initiated in South Africa if it becomes necessary, provided that adequate personnel is appointed.     

光暗条件下蔗糖和大量元素对兰州百合鳞茎生长的影响

为了探究兰州百合试管鳞茎膨大培养基最佳配方和培养条件,解决试管苗移栽成活率低的问题,以兰州百合鳞片诱导形成的小鳞茎为试验材料,研究光暗不同培养条件下蔗糖和大量元素对兰州百合试管鳞茎生长和膨大的影响。在光照(12 h/d光照)和黑暗(24 h/d黑暗)条件下,设置不同质量浓度蔗糖(90 g/L、120 g/L、150 g/L)和不同浓度的大量元素(MS、2MS、3MS)组合处理,培养60 d后测定其鳞茎直径、鲜重、叶长等相关指标。结果表明,蔗糖和大量元素均对兰州百合试管鳞茎生长和膨大有显著的影响,且两者存在显著的交互作用,光照条件下鳞茎生长指数和鳞茎鲜重百分比均大于黑暗条件。根据生产实际,推荐适合兰州百合鳞茎膨大的组合为2MS+蔗糖120 g/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,培养条件为1 500～2 000 lx下光照12 h/d。     

稀土元素示踪法在土壤侵蚀与泥沙来源研究中的应用

[目的]掌握稀土元素(REE)示踪土壤侵蚀和泥沙来源的方法,明确其不确定性来源,对正确运用该方法获得可靠的侵蚀速率和泥沙源地贡献结果具有重要意义。[方法]基于前人运用REE示踪土壤侵蚀速率和泥沙来源的研究成果,总结了REE示踪土壤侵蚀的基本技术路线及其在水蚀、风蚀和泥沙来源研究中的应用,探讨了REE示踪土壤侵蚀和泥沙来源研究中的不足。[结果]分析认为REE虽是理想的示踪剂,但REE示踪法仍存在影响示踪土壤侵蚀和泥沙来源准确性的关键方面需要改进,包括REE与土壤结合方式与机理、长期监测或复杂环境下随淋溶、径流的迁移以及植被吸收利用等。在未来研究中应重点关注大量释放REE对土壤、植物、环境健康的影响以及REE示踪法与复合指纹识别法的结合运用等。[结论]研究结果为提高REE示踪土壤侵蚀结果的准确性,运用该方法开展其他侵蚀类型研究,与复合指纹识别法结合辨别大区域的泥沙来源奠定基础。     

The Effect of a Substrate Containing Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizosphere Microorganisms (Trichoderma,Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Streptomyces) and Foliar Fertilization on Growth Response and Rhizosphere pH of Three Strawberry Cultivars

Abstract

Vegetatively propagated plants of three strawberry cultivars-‘Senga Sengana’, ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Kent’-were grown for 20 weeks in rhizoboxes filled with 1.85 kg of sterilized mineral soil. Ten plants were treated with an N-P-K foliar fertilizer (F, control), or inoculated with a substrate containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma viride and rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR-Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) without any fertilization (M), or inoculated with the mixture of microorganisms and treated with the foliar fertilizer (MF). Total plant biomass was increased by the M treatment in all cultivars. M treatment resulted in higher total root length and number of root tips in ‘Senga Sengana’, whereas the other two cultivars showed different responses of root morphology. Shoot/root ratio was decreased by the M and MF treatments in comparison with control plants. Foliar fertilization of inoculated plants caused different growth responses in the three cultivars and a general decrease of root growth. After the MF treatment, the biomass of ‘Senga Sengana’ increased and the biomass of ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Kent’ decreased. Inoculation with the mycorrhiza-PGPR substrate increased rhizosphere pH irrespective of foliar fertilization. Plant mineral content was highly modified by the treatments in all the cultivars examined. In particular, changes were noted in N, P, K, Fe, B and Mn uptake. The results show an interaction between foliar fertilization and root inoculation with microorganisms, as well as genotype-dependent influences, on growth responses and rhizosphere pH of strawberry plants.     

Three Dimensional Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Basement Excavation on Underlying Tunnels

Rapid urban development in cities often requires construction activities close to existing tunnels, including basement excavation directly above the tunnels. Based on three dimensional finite element method, the influence of basement excavation on the underlying tunnels was studied. In the numerical model, A tunnel was located under a rectangular excavation with its axes parallel to the long side of the rectangle. The results of numerical analyses indicate that for the tunnel located underneath the centerline of the excavation, overlying excavation will cause the shortening of horizontal diameter and the lengthening of vertical diameter of the tunnel lining. For the tunnel located close to the diaphragm wall, maximum diameter changes often take place in a sub-vertical direction due to the rotation of the tunnel lining during excavation. The spatial effect of the excavation also has an obvious influence on the displacement and distortion of the tunnel cross section.     

红壤甜橙园土壤和叶片营养元素相关性分析

 于2010 年和2011 年在江西省安远县和寻乌县这两大赣南甜橙生产县,共采集181 个红壤枳 砧甜橙园的土壤样品和叶片样品,进行营养元素含量测定,并对土壤和叶片相应营养元素含量进行相关 性分析,为评价测土配方施肥是否适宜红壤甜橙园提供依据。结果表明：土壤碱解氮、交换性钙、交换 性镁、有效铁和有效锌的丰缺状况在甜橙叶片对应营养元素丰缺水平上能得到一定程度的反映;土壤有 效钾、有效磷、有效铜和有效硼的状况则难以在甜橙叶片对应营养元素丰缺水平上得到反映。相关性分 析结果显示,只有2010 年安远县甜橙园土壤有效Zn 含量与叶片Zn 含量呈显著正相关（P < 0.05）,其余 土壤有效营养元素含量与叶片对应营养元素含量之间均无显著相关性。表明测土配方施肥不适宜红壤甜 橙园,建议实行以叶片营养诊断为主、土壤诊断为辅的配方施肥策略。     

基于物元分析法的农村社区环境建设绩效诊断

[目的] 诊断农村社区环境建设绩效水平及其制约因素,为提高农村社区环境建设绩效水平提供参考依据。[方法] 采用PSR模型、物元分析法和改进的熵值法诊断了江苏省农村社区环境建设绩效水平。[结果] 2006—2019年江苏省农村社区环境建设绩效水平不断提高,农村社区环境建设绩效水平等级经历了“较差—良好”的演变历程,但2019年“良好”等级关联度很弱;环境卫生投入占市政公用设施投入比例、节能环保公共财政支出、对生活污水进行处理的行政村比例、化肥施用强度、农药使用强度、农用塑料薄膜使用强度、单位GDP能耗等是农村社区环境建设绩效水平提升的关键制约因素。[结论] 为有效提高农村社区环境建设绩效水平,应进一步健全农村社区环境建设多元化投入机制,加强农村生活污水治理,有效改善农业生态环境,推进化肥农药减量增效,加强农用塑料薄膜污染治理,统筹推进高质量发展,合理提高能源资源利用效率,有效降低单位GDP能耗等。     

Seasonal Variation of the Proximate Composition,Mineral Content,Fatty Acid Profiles and Other Phytochemical Constituents of Selected Brown Macroalgae

The main objective was to determine the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and mineral profiles of three commercially relevant brown macroalgae (Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Ascophyllum nodosum) collected each season for two years off the west coast of Ireland. All the chemical, phytochemical, fatty acid and minerals analysed varied significantly depending on the macroalgal species, season and year of collection. Overall, the protein contents of macroalgae were negatively correlated with carbohydrate content. Protein (2–11%) was at its highest during winter and/or spring, decreasing to a minimum during summer and/or autumn. The three macroalgal species analysed in this study had clearly differentiated fatty acid profiles. The concentration of fatty acids was higher in A. nodosum compared with both Laminaria species. The mineral profile of the three macroalgal species was rich in essential metals, particularly Ca, Mg and P, while the levels of I were approximately 9- to 10-fold higher in both Laminaria spp. compared with A. nodosum. The levels of toxic metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) in all the macroalgal species studied were low in the current study; while the levels of total As were high (49–64 mg/kg DW macroalgae) compared with previous reports.     

武夷肉桂茶品质差异分析及其与矿质元素间的关系

为探明不同等级武夷肉桂茶品质差异,分析造成茶叶品质差异的原因,以649个不同等级武夷肉桂茶为研究对象,分别进行感官审评及主要滋味物质和矿质元素测定。结果表明:获奖肉桂茶滋味物质含量比未入围肉桂茶丰富。不同等级武夷肉桂茶除K、Mg、Mn、Co外,大多数矿质元素含量之间没有显著差异。限制性主坐标轴分析表明,品质指标对武夷肉桂茶等级间差异的总差异解释达到43.391%,矿质元素解释度仅有26.996%。热图分析表明,武夷肉桂茶RA(特等奖)和RB(一等奖)在总黄酮、可溶性糖、茶多酚、咖啡因、EGCG、EGC、GC、GCG等指标显著积累,其酚氨比更高,RC(优质奖)和RD(未入围)在Mn和Mg有显著积累。相关性分析表明,武夷肉桂茶等级与茶多酚、EGCG、酚氨比、咖啡碱、ECG、EGC呈显著正相关,与Mn含量呈显著负相关。研究结果可为客观判别武夷肉桂茶的品质差异提供一定的理论依据。